Imininingwane ehlukahlukene yensimbi engagqwali esitokweni
Inqubo yomkhiqizo inquma ukusebenza kwawo okulinganiselwe. Ngokuvamile, ukunemba kwepayipi lensimbi engenamthungo liphansi: ukushuba kodonga olungalingani, ukukhanya okuphansi endaweni yangaphakathi nangaphandle yepayipi, izindleko zokulinganisa eziphezulu, kanye nama-pockmarks namabala amnyama endaweni yangaphakathi nangaphandle akulula ukususa; Ukutholwa nokubunjwa kwayo kufanele kucutshungulwe ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. Ngakho-ke, ihlanganisa izinzuzo zayo ekucindezelweni okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu kanye nezinto zokwakha zemishini.
Ngokwesakhiwo se-metallographic yensimbi engagqwali, ihlukaniswe yaba i-semi Ferritic ne-semi martensitic ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo, ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo ye-martensitic, ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo ye-austenitic, ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo ye-austenitic ferritic, njll.
A.Ngokusho kwe-gb14975-2002 ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo, ubude bepayipi lensimbi ngokuvamile bungu-1.5 ~ 10m ngepayipi lensimbi eligoqiwe elishisayo (ubude obunganqunyelwe), kanye no-1m kumapayipi ensimbi ashisayo akhishwe. I-1.0 ~ 7m yepayipi lensimbi elibandayo elidonsayo (eligoqiwe) elinodonga oluwugqinsi luka-0.5 ~ 1.0mm; Uma ubukhulu bodonga bukhulu kuno-1.0mm, 1.5 ~ 8m.
B.Kunezinhlobo ezingama-45 zamapayipi ensimbi agoqiwe (okushisa ashisayo) anobubanzi obungama-54 ~ 480mm; Kunezinhlobo ezingama-36 ezinokuqina kodonga okungu-4.5 ~ 45mm. Kunezinhlobo ezingama-65 zamapayipi ensimbi adonswayo (agoqiwe) abandayo anobubanzi obuyi-6 ~ 200mm; Kunezinhlobo ezingama-39 ezinokuqina kodonga okungu-0.5 ~ 21mm.
C.Indawo yangaphakathi nangaphandle yamapayipi ensimbi akumele ibe nemifantu, igoqeke, ihlanye, iqhekeke, igoqeke, ihlukane kanye notwayi. Lezi ziphambeko zizosuswa ngokuphelele (ngaphandle kwamapayipi omshini). Ngemuva kokususwa, ukushuba kodonga kanye nobubanzi bangaphandle akumele kudlule ukuchezuka okungalungile. Okunye ukukhubazeka okuncane okungeqi ukuchezuka okuvumelekile okuvumelekile kungase kungasuswa.
D.Ukujula okuvumelekile kokuqondile. Amapayipi ensimbi agoqiwe futhi ashisayo anobubanzi obungaphansi noma obulingana no-140mm akumele abe mkhulu kuno-5% wogqinsi oluvamile lodonga, futhi ukujula okuphezulu akumele kube kukhulu kuno-0.5mm; Ipayipi lensimbi elibandayo (eligoqiwe) elibandayo akumele libe ngaphezu kuka-4% wogqinsi lwezindonga, futhi ukujula okuphezulu akumele kube kukhulu kuno-0.3mm.
E. Zombili iziphetho zepayipi lensimbi kufanele zisikwe zibe ama-engeli angakwesokudla futhi ama-burrs azosuswa.
Ngokwesakhiwo se-metallographic yensimbi engagqwali, ihlukaniswe yaba i-semi Ferritic ne-semi martensitic ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo, ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo ye-martensitic, ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo ye-austenitic, ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo ye-austenitic ferritic, njll.
1. Okugoqekayo okushisayo (ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo elikhishiwe): ishubhu eliyindilinga alinalutho → ukushisisa → ukubhobozwa → ukugingqeka kwama-roll amathathu, ukugoqeka okuqhubekayo noma ukukhishwa → ukuhlubula amapayipi → ukusika (noma ukunciphisa) → ukupholisa → ukuqondisa → ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic (noma ukutholwa kwamaphutha) → ukumaka → indawo yokugcina impahla
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokugingqa ishubhu elingenamthungo yishubhu eliyindilinga elingenalutho. Ishubhu eliyindilinga elingenalutho lizosikwa futhi licutshungulwe ngumsiki, futhi elingenalutho elinokukhula okungaba ngu-1m lizothunyelwa esithandweni ukuze lishiswe ngebhande lokuthutha. I-billet ithunyelwa esithandweni ukuze kushiswe ekushiseni okungaba ngu-1200 degrees Celsius. Uphethiloli yi-hydrogen noma i-acetylene. Ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa esithandweni kuyinkinga eyinhloko. Ngemuva kokuthi i-tube billet eyindilinga ikhishwe esithandweni, kufanele ibhobozwe ngombhobho wokucindezela. Ngokuvamile, umbhobozi ovame kakhulu umbhobozi we-conical roll. Lesi sibhobosi sisebenza kahle kakhulu ekukhiqizeni, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo omuhle, ukunwetshwa okukhulu kwezibhobo futhi singagqoka amamaki ensimbi ahlukahlukene. Ngemuva kokubhobozwa, ishubhu eliyindilinga elingenalutho ligoqwa ngokulandelana ngama-roll amathathu awela, ukugoqa okuqhubekayo noma ukukhipha. Ngemuva kwe-extrusion, susa ipayipi ukuze ulinganise. Umshini wokulinganisa uzungezisa kumbungu wensimbi ngesivinini esikhulu ngokusebenzisa i-conical drill ukuze wakhe ipayipi lensimbi. Ububanzi bangaphakathi bepayipi lensimbi bunqunywa ubude be-diameter yangaphandle yebhithi yomshini wokulinganisa. Ngemva kokulinganisa, ipayipi lensimbi lingena embhoshongweni wokupholisa futhi lipholiswe ngesifutho samanzi. Ngemuva kokupholisa, ipayipi lensimbi lizoqondiswa. Ngemva kokuqondisa, ipayipi lensimbi lithunyelwa kumtshina wensimbi (noma ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic) ngebhande lokudlulisa ukuze kutholwe amaphutha angaphakathi. Uma kukhona ukuqhekeka, ama-bubbles nezinye izinkinga ngaphakathi kwepayipi lensimbi, zizotholwa. Amapayipi ensimbi kufanele akhethwe ngokuqinile ngesandla ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwepayipi lensimbi, inombolo, ukucaciswa, inombolo ye-batch yokukhiqiza, njll. izofafazwa ngopende. Futhi waphakanyiselwa endlini yokugcina izimpahla by crane.
2. Ipayipi lensimbi elibandayo elidonsayo (eligoqiwe) elingenamthungo: ishubhu eliyindilinga alinalutho → ukushisisa → ukubhoboza → isihloko → ukucwiliswa → ukucosha → ukugcoba → ukugcoba (i-copper plating) → ukudweba okubandayo okudlula okuningi (ukugoqa okubandayo) → ishubhu elingenalutho → ukwelashwa kokushisa → ukuqondisa → ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic (iphutha ukutholwa) → ukumaka → indawo yokugcina impahla.
Indlela yokuginqika yepayipi lensimbi engenamthungo elidonsayo (eligoqiwe) elibandayo liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunaleyo yepayipi lensimbi eligoqiwe (elikhishiwe) elingenamthungo. Izinyathelo ezintathu zokuqala zenqubo yabo yokukhiqiza ziyefana. Umehluko uqala esinyathelweni sesine. Ngemuva kokuthi ishubhu eliyindilinga selithululiwe, lidinga ukuqaliswa futhi lifakwe. Ngemuva kokukhipha isisu, uketshezi olukhethekile lwe-asidi luzosetshenziselwa ukukha. Ngemva pickling, sebenzisa amafutha. Bese ilandelwa umdwebo obandayo wokudlula (ukugoqa okubandayo) kanye nokwelashwa okushisa okukhethekile. Ngemuva kokwelashwa okushisa, kuzoqondiswa.
Ngokwezindlela ezihlukene zokukhiqiza, ingahlukaniswa ibe ipayipi eligoqiwe elishisayo, ipayipi eligoqiwe elibandayo, ipayipi elidonsa abandayo, ipayipi elikhishwe, njll.
1.1. Ipayipi elingenamthungo eligoqiwe lensimbi engenamthungo ngokuvamile likhiqizwa kumshini wokugaya amapayipi ozenzakalelayo. Ngemva kokuhlolwa nokususwa kweziphambeko ezingaphezulu, ipayipi eliqinile elingenalutho lisikwa libe ubude obudingekayo, ligxile ekugcineni kokuphela kwepayipi elinezimbobo lingenalutho, bese lithunyelwa esithandweni sokushisa ukuze lishise futhi libhoboze kumbhobozi. Ngesikhathi sokubhobozwa, ijikeleza futhi iqhubekela phambili ngokuqhubekayo. Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-roll nepulaki, kancane kancane kwakheka umgodi ngaphakathi kwepayipi elingenalutho, elibizwa ngokuthi ipayipi elimaholo. Bese ithunyelwa emshinini wokugaya amapayipi ukuze iqhubeke nokugingqika. Ekugcineni, ubukhulu bodonga bulungiswa ngumshini wonke, futhi ububanzi bunqunywa umshini wokulinganisa ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zokucaciswa. Kuyindlela ethuthukisiwe yokukhiqiza ipayipi lensimbi eligoqiwe elingenamthungo ngokuqhubekayo.
1.2. Uma ufuna ukuthola amapayipi angenamthungo anosayizi omncane kanye nekhwalithi engcono, kufanele usebenzise ukugoqa okubandayo, umdwebo obandayo noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili. Ukugoqa okubandayo kuvame ukwenziwa emshinini wokugaya ophakeme. Ipayipi lensimbi ligoqeka ku-annular pass elakhiwe i-variable section groove eyindilinga kanye nepulaki eyisiyingi engashintshi. Umdwebo obandayo uvame ukwenziwa ngeketango elilodwa noma umshini wokudweba obandayo wamaketanga amabili we-0.5 ~ 100t.
1.3. Indlela yokukhipha isho ukuthi ishubhu elishisayo elingenalutho lifakwa kusilinda esivaliwe, futhi induku enembobo ihamba kanye nenduku yokukhipha ukuze ikhiphe ingxenye ye-extrusion isuka emgodini omncane wokufa. Le ndlela ingakhiqiza amapayipi ensimbi ane-diameter encane.
Lolu hlobo lwepayipi lensimbi lingahlukaniswa libe ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo nensimbi engagqwali eshiselwe ipayipi lensimbi (ipayipi elicijile), elingenziwa ngokwezinqubo ezahlukene zokukhiqiza.
Lezi zinhlobo eziyisisekelo yilezi: ukugoqa okushisayo, ukukhishwa, ukudweba okubandayo kanye nokugoqa okubandayo. Ngokwesimo sesigaba, zingahlukaniswa zibe ipayipi eliyindilinga kanye nepayipi elimise okukhethekile. Ipayipi lensimbi eliyindilinga lisetshenziswa kakhulu, kodwa akhona namapayipi ensimbi angagqwali amise okwesipesheli anjengesikwele, unxande, isemicircular, hexagonal, unxantathu oequilateral kanye ne-octagonal.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hydraulic kuzokwenziwa ipayipi lensimbi elinomfutho woketshezi ukuze lihlole ukumelana nengcindezi kanye nekhwalithi. Ifanelekile uma kungekho ukuvuza, ukumanzisa noma ukunwetshwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi ecacisiwe. Amanye amapayipi ensimbi azophinde abe ngaphansi kokuhlolwa kwe-crimping, ukuhlolwa kokuvutha kanye nokuhlolwa kokucaba ngokuya ngokwezinga noma izidingo zomuntu odingayo.
Ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo, elaziwa nangokuthi ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo, lenziwe ngensimbi yensimbi noma ipayipi eliqinile elingenalutho ngokubhoboza, bese lenziwa ngokugingqika okushisayo, ukugoqeka okubandayo noma umdwebo obandayo. Ukucaciswa kwepayipi lensimbi engenamthungo kuvezwa ngamamilimitha obubanzi obungaphandle * ukujiya kodonga
Ngokwesakhiwo se-metallographic yensimbi engagqwali, ihlukaniswe yaba i-semi Ferritic ne-semi martensitic ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo, ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo ye-martensitic, ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo ye-austenitic, ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo ye-austenitic ferritic, njll.
