Ikhwalithi kanye nenani lepayipi elishiselwe insimbi engagqwali
Ipayipi elishiselwe lensimbi engagqwali, elibizwa ngokuthi ipayipi elishiselwe ngamafuphi, ipayipi lensimbi elenziwe ngensimbi evame ukusetshenziswa noma umucu wensimbi ngemuva kokugoqa nokwakhiwa yiyunithi bese liyafa. Ipayipi lensimbi elishiselwe linezinzuzo zenqubo yokukhiqiza elula, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu, izinhlobo eziningi nezincazelo kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwemishini encane, kodwa amandla ayo ajwayelekile aphansi kunalawo epayipi lensimbi engenamthungo.
Kusukela ngawo-1930s, ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kokukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo kwe-strip esezingeni eliphezulu kanye nenqubekelaphambili yobuchwepheshe bokushisela nokuhlola, ikhwalithi yokushisela ibilokhu ithuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo, izinhlobonhlobo kanye nokucaciswa kwamapayipi ensimbi ashiselwe kuye kwanda, namapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo athuthukisiwe. ishintshwe emikhakheni eminingi, ikakhulukazi emapayipini emishini yokushintshanisa ukushisa, amapayipi okuhlobisa, amapayipi amanzi anomfutho ophakathi nendawo, njll.
Small ububanzi insimbi engagqwali ashiselwe pipe ikhiqizwa ngokuqhubekayo on-line. Ukujiya kodonga, kuyanda ukutshalwa kwezimali kweyunithi nempahla ye-fusion, futhi ukonga okuncane nokusebenziseka kwayo. Ubukhulu bodonga buba mncane, isilinganiso se-input-output sizoba sincane; Okwesibili, inqubo yomkhiqizo inquma izinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi. Ngokuvamile, ipayipi lensimbi elishiselwe linokuqonda okuphezulu, ukujiya kodonga olufanayo, ukukhanya okuphezulu kwendawo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwepayipi (ukukhanya okungaphezulu kwepayipi lensimbi okunqunywa izinga elingaphezulu lepuleti lensimbi), futhi lingalinganiswa ngokungafanele. Ngakho-ke, ihlanganisa umnotho wayo kanye nobuhle ekusetshenzisweni kokunemba okuphezulu, uketshezi oluphakathi noluphansi lwengcindezi.
Ipayipi elihlanganisiwe lensimbi engu-316L liyipayipi eliyisisekelo, ngakho-ke linezinkomba eziningi ezidingekayo zobulukhuni, kuhlanganise nezici eziningi. Okulandelayo mayelana nezinkomba zobulukhuni zepayipi elishiselwe insimbi engagqwali engu-16L. Ngokwezindlela ezihlukene zokuhlola kanye nobubanzi bokusebenza, ubulukhuni bungahlukaniswa ngokuqina kwe-Brinell, ukuqina kwe-Rockwell, ukuqina kwe-Vickers, ukuqina kosebe, ubulukhuni obuncane kanye nobulukhuni bezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. I-Brinell, i-Rockwell kanye ne-Vickers hardness ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa amapayipi.
1.I-Brinell hardness (HB) cindezela ibhola lensimbi noma ibhola le-carbide likasimende elinobubanzi obuthile endaweni yesampula ngamandla okuhlola ashiwo (f), khipha amandla okuhlola ngemva kwesikhathi esibekiwe sokubamba, kala ububanzi bokuhlehlisa (L) kusampula. ubuso, futhi inani lobulukhuni be-Brinell liyi-quotient etholwe ngokuhlukanisa amandla okuhlola ngendawo engaphezulu ye-indentation eyindilinga. Ivezwe nge-HBS (ibhola lensimbi), iyunithi ithi n / mm2 (MPA), futhi ifomula yokubala imi kanje: F - amandla okuhlola acindezelwe ebusweni besampula yepayipi elishiselwe insimbi engagqwali engu-316L, N, D - ububanzi bebhola lensimbi ukuhlolwa, MMD - ububanzi iyunifomu indentation, mm. Ukunqunywa kokuqina kweBrinell kunembe kakhudlwana futhi kuthembekile, kodwa ngokuvamile i-HBS ifaneleka kuphela ezintweni zensimbi ezingaphansi kuka-450N / mm2 (MPA), hhayi insimbi eqinile noma izacile engu-316L yepayipi lensimbi engagqwali elishiselwe. Epayipini elishiselwe lensimbi engu-316L, ubulukhuni be-Brinell yibo obusetshenziswa kakhulu. Ububanzi be-Indentation D buvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuveza ubulukhuni bento, enembile futhi elula.
Isibonelo, i-120hbs10 / 1000130 ikhombisa ukuthi inani lobulukhuni be-Brinell likalwa ngokusebenzisa ibhola lensimbi elingu-10mm ububanzi ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla okuhlola angu-1000kgf (9.807kn) wama-30s ngu-120N / mm2 (MPA).
2.I-Rockwell hardness (HK) Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-Rockwell, njengokuhlola ubulukhuni be-Brinell, kuyindlela yokuhlola yokuhlehlisa. Umehluko ukuthi ikala ukujula kokuhlehlisa, okungukuthi, ngaphansi kwesenzo esilandelanayo samandla okuhlola okuqala e-Yong (FO) namandla okuhlola aphelele (f), cindezela i-indenter (ikhoni yensimbi yokugaya noma ibhola lensimbi) endaweni yesampula, susa. amandla okuhlola ayinhloko ngemva kokuchaza isikhathi sokubamba, futhi ubale inani lokuqina ngokunyuka kokushona kokuhlenga kwensalela okulinganiselwe (E). Inani layo inombolo engaziwa, emelelwa uphawu hr. Izikali ezisetshenzisiwe zifaka izikali eziyi-9 ezifana no-a, B, C, D, e, F, G, h kanye no-K. Izikali ezivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ubulukhuni bepayipi elishiselwe insimbi engagqwali engu-316L ngokuvamile i-a, B kanye no-C, okungukuthi i-HRA, I-HRB kanye ne-HRC. Inani lokuqina libalwa ngefomula elandelayo: lapho isikali u-a no-C sisetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa, i-HR = 100-e. lapho isikali B sisetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa, i-HR = 130-e. kufomula, u-e -- ukukhuphuka kokushona kokuhlehlisa okuyinsalela, okuboniswa kuyunithi ehlukanisiwe engu-0.002mm, okungukuthi, lapho ukususwa kwe-axial kwe-indenter kuyiyunithi eyodwa (0.002mm), kulingana nenani lokuqina kwe-Rockwell izinguquko.
