Ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo yokuthengisa okuqondile kwezinto ezihlukahlukene
Ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo libhobozwa yiyo yonke insimbi eyindilinga, futhi ipayipi lensimbi ngaphandle kokushisela ngaphezulu libizwa ngokuthi ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo. Ngokwendlela yokukhiqiza, ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo lingahlukaniswa libe ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo eligoqwe elishisayo, ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo eligoqelwe ngamakhaza, ipayipi lensimbi elibandayo elidonswayo, ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo, ukugqekeza kwepayipi, njll. Ngokusho komumo wesigaba, ingenamthungo. amapayipi ensimbi ahlukaniswe amapayipi ayindilinga futhi amise okukhethekile. Amapayipi amise okwesipesheli anezinhlobonhlobo zezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana nesikwele, i-oval, triangular, hexagonal, imbewu yemelon, inkanyezi namapayipi anamaphiko. Ubukhulu obukhulu bungama-900mm kanti ubukhulu obuncane bungama-4mm. Ngokusho kokusetshenziswa okuhlukene, kukhona ipayipi eliwugqinsi lensimbi elingenamthungo kanye nepayipi elincane lensimbi elingenamthungo. Ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo lisetshenziswa kakhulu njengepayipi lokumba le-petroleum geological, ipayipi eliqhekeka embonini ye-petrochemical, ipayipi likabhayela, ipayipi elithwele kanye nepayipi lensimbi elinembayo eliphezulu lemoto, ugandaganda kanye nendiza.
1.Ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo lenjongo evamile ligoqwa ngensimbi evamile ye-carbon structural, insimbi yesakhiwo sengxubevange ephansi noma insimbi yesakhiwo sengxubevange, ephumayo enkulu kakhulu. Isetshenziswa kakhulu njengepayipi noma izingxenye zesakhiwo zokudlulisa uketshezi.
2. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokuhlinzekwa ngokwezinjongo ezahlukene:
a. Ukuhlinzeka ngokwamakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo zemishini;
b. Ukuhlinzeka ngokuhambisana nezakhiwo zemishini;
c.Ihlinzekwa njengokuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic ngayinye. Uma ipayipi lensimbi elihlinzekwe ngokwesigaba A no-B lisetshenziselwa ukuthwala ingcindezi yoketshezi, lizophinde libe ngaphansi kokuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic.
3. Amapayipi angenamthungo ngezinhloso ezikhethekile ahlanganisa amapayipi angenamthungo amabhayela, amandla amakhemikhali namandla kagesi, amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo we-geology kanye namapayipi angenamthungo e-petroleum.
Ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo linengxenye engenalutho futhi lisetshenziswa kabanzi njengepayipi lokudlulisa uketshezi, njengepayipi lokuhambisa uwoyela, igesi yemvelo, igesi, amanzi nezinye izinto eziqinile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi eqinile njengensimbi eyindilinga, ipayipi lensimbi linamandla afanayo aguquguqukayo kanye ne-torsional kanye nesisindo esilula. Kuyinsimbi yesigaba sezomnotho.
Isetshenziswa kabanzi ukwenza izingxenye zesakhiwo kanye nezingxenye zemishini, njengepayipi lokubhoboza uwoyela, umshini wokuhambisa imoto, uhlaka lwamabhayisikili kanye nesikafula sensimbi esisetshenziswa ekwakheni. Ingathuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto, yenza inqubo yokukhiqiza ibe lula, yonge izinto zokwakha namahora okucubungula. Kuye kwenziwa kabanzi ngepayipi lensimbi.
① Inqubo yokukhiqiza eyinhloko yepayipi lensimbi eligoqiwe elingenamthungo (△ inqubo yokuhlola eyinhloko):
Ukulungiswa nokuhlolwa kwepayipi elingenalutho △ → ukushisisa kwepayipi kungenalutho → ukubhobozwa → ukugoqeka kwepayipi → ukushisisa kabusha kwepayipi lensimbi → ukusika (ukunciphisa) → ukwelashwa kokushisa △ → ukulungiswa kwepayipi eliphelile → ukuqeda → ukuhlolwa △ (okungonakali, ngokomzimba namakhemikhali, ukuhlolwa kwebhentshi ) → indawo yokugcina impahla
② Izinqubo zokukhiqiza eziyinhloko zepayipi lensimbi eligoqiwe elibandayo (elidonswe) elingenamthungo:
Ukulungiselela okungenalutho → ukukhetha nokugcoba → ukugoqa okubandayo (umdwebo) → ukwelashwa kokushisa → ukuqondisa → ukuqeda → ukuhlola
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ejwayelekile yepayipi yensimbi engenamthungo ingahlukaniswa ngomdwebo obandayo kanye nokugoqa okushisayo. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ipayipi yensimbi engenamthungo egoqelwe ngamakhaza ngokuvamile iyinkimbinkimbi kunokuginqika okushisayo. Ipayipi elingenalutho kufanele liqale libe ngaphansi kokugoqeka okuqhubekayo kwamaroli amathathu, futhi ukuhlolwa kokulinganisa kuzokwenziwa ngemva kokukhishwa. Uma ingaphezulu lingaphenduli emfantwini, ipayipi eliyindilinga kufanele lisikwe ngomsiki ukuze kusikwe okungenalutho ngokukhula okungaba imitha elilodwa. Bese ufaka inqubo yokudonsa. I-anneal kufanele ifakwe emanzini ane-asidi. Ngesikhathi sokuvuna, qaphela ukuthi kukhona yini inani elikhulu lama-bubble ebusweni. Uma kunenqwaba yama-bubbles, kubonisa ukuthi ikhwalithi yepayipi yensimbi ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso ezihambisanayo. Ukubukeka kwepayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo eligoqelwe ngokubanda lifushane kunalelo lepayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo eligoqwe elishisayo. Ugqinsi lodonga lwepayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo eligoqelwe ngokubanda ngokuvamile lincane kunalelo lepayipi lensimbi engenamthungo eligoqwe elishisayo, kodwa indawo engaphezulu ibukeka ikhanya kunaleyo yepayipi eliwugqinsi lensimbi engenamthungo. Ingaphezulu alimahloni kakhulu futhi ububanzi akuwona ama-burrs amaningi kakhulu.
Isimo sokulethwa kwepayipi lensimbi engenamthungo eligoqwe elishisayo ngokuvamile ligoqwa lishise futhi lilethwe ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi, ipayipi lensimbi engenasici eligoqelwe ngokushisa lizokhethwa ngokuqinile ngabasebenzi. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi, indawo engaphezulu kufanele igcotshwe ngamafutha, ilandelwe yizilingo eziningi zokudweba ezibandayo. Ngemuva kokugoqa okushisayo, ukuhlolwa kwe-perforation kuzokwenziwa. Uma ukunwetshwa kwembobo kukukhulu kakhulu, kufanele kuqondiswe futhi kulungiswe. Ngemva kokuqondisa, idluliselwa kumtshina ongalungile yi-conveyor ukuze kuhlolwe amaphutha. Okokugcina, ifakwe ilebula futhi ibekwe endaweni yokugcina impahla ngemva kokuhlelwa kwemininingwane.
Ishubhu eliyindilinga alinalutho → ukushisisa → ukubhobozwa → ukugoqeka okuphambano okuthathu, ukugoqeka okuqhubekayo noma ukukhishwa → ukuhlubula amapayipi → ukusika (noma ukunciphisa) → ukupholisa → ukuqondisa → ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic (noma ukutholwa kwamaphutha) → ukumaka → ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo lenziwe ngensimbi yensimbi noma ithubhu eliqinile elingenalutho ngokubhobozwa, bese liyashisa liyagoqwa, ligoqwe ngamakhaza noma lidonswe ngokubanda. Ukucaciswa kwepayipi lensimbi engenamthungo kuvezwa ngamamilimitha obubanzi obungaphandle * ukujiya kodonga.
Ububanzi bangaphandle bepayipi elingenamthungo eligoqwe elishisayo ngokuvamile likhulu kuno-32mm, futhi ukujiya kodonga kungu-2.5-200mm. Ububanzi bangaphandle bepayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo eligoqwe ngokubanda lingaba ngu-6mm, ukujiya kodonga bungafinyelela ku-0.25mm, ububanzi bangaphandle bepayipi elinezindonga ezincane bungaba ngu-5mm, futhi ukujiya kodonga bungaphansi kuka-0.25mm. Ukugoqa okubandayo kunokunemba okuphezulu kunokulinganisa okushisayo.
Ngokuvamile, amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo enziwa ngezinsimbi zekhabhoni zekhwalithi ephezulu ezifana no-10, 20, 30, 35 kanye no-45, izinsimbi zesakhiwo ezinengxubevange ephansi ezifana no-16Mn no-5mnv, noma izinsimbi eziboshiwe ezifana no-40Cr, 30CrMnSi, 40MnB kanye no-45MnB. 10. Amapayipi angenamthungo enziwe ngensimbi enekhabhoni ephansi njengangama-20 asetshenziswa kakhulu kumapayipi okudlulisa uketshezi. Amapayipi angenamthungo enziwe ngensimbi ye-carbon steel ephakathi njengo-45 no-40Cr asetshenziselwa ukwakha izingxenye zemishini, njengezingxenye ezigxilile zezimoto nogandaganda. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlolwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa kwepayipi lensimbi engenamthungo kuzoqinisekiswa. Amapayipi ensimbi agingqelwe ashisayo azolethwa esimweni esishisayo sokuginqika noma esimweni sokwelashwa kokushisa; Ukugoqa okubandayo kulethwa esimweni sokwelashwa ngokushisa.
Ukugoqa okushisayo, njengoba negama lisho, izinga lokushisa locezu olugoqiwe liphezulu, ngakho-ke ukumelana ne-deformation kuncane futhi ukuguqulwa okukhulu kungenziwa. Uma sithatha ukugingqika kwepuleti lensimbi njengesibonelo, ukujiya kwe-slab eqhubekayo ngokuvamile kungaba ngu-230mm, kuyilapho ngemva kokugingqika nokuqedwa, ukujiya kokugcina kungu-1 ~ 20mm. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokuthi isilinganiso sobukhulu bobubanzi bepuleti lensimbi sincane futhi izidingo zokunemba kwe-dimensional ziphansi kakhulu, inkinga yokuma akulula ukwenzeka, futhi ukuguquguquka kulawulwa ngokuyinhloko. Kulabo abanezidingo zenhlangano, ngokuvamile kubonakala ngokugoqeka okulawulwayo nokupholisa okulawulwayo, okungukuthi, ukulawula izinga lokushisa eliqala ukuginqika kanye nezinga lokushisa lokugcina lokuginqika lokuqedwa. Ishubhu eliyindilinga alinalutho → ukushisisa → ukubhoboza → isihloko → ukubhoboza → ukucosha → ukugcoba (i-copper plateing) → umdwebo obandayo odlula okuningi (ukugoqa okubandayo) → ishubhu elingenalutho → ukwelashwa kokushisa → ukuqondisa → ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic (ukutholwa kwamaphutha) → ukumaka → indawo yokugcina impahla.
