45# Seamless steel pipe ifektri yokuthengisa ngqo
45# ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo ngemva kokucisha kanye nokwelashwa kokufudumeza linezakhiwo ezinhle ezihlanganisa konke futhi lisetshenziswa kabanzi ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene ezibalulekile zesakhiwo, ikakhulukazi lezo zinduku zokuxhuma, amabhawodi, amagiya kanye namashafu asebenza ngaphansi komthwalo oshintshanayo. Kodwa-ke, ubulukhuni bobuso buphansi futhi abukwazi ukumelana nokugqoka. Ukucisha nokushisa + ukucisha indawo kungasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ubulukhuni bezingxenye.
Izinga lokushisa elinconyiwe lokwelashwa: ukujwayelekile okungu-850, ukucisha i-840, ukushisa okungu-600.
I-45 steel iyinsimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni eseqophelweni eliphezulu enobulukhuni obuphansi nokusika okulula. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njenge-formwork, ihlumela, i-post guide, njll esikhunjini, kodwa kufanele iphathwe ngokushisa.
1. Insimbi engu-45 iyafaneleka uma ubulukhuni bayo bukhulu kune-HRC55 (kufika ku-HRC62) ngemva kokucisha nangaphambi kokufutheka.
Ukuqina okuphezulu kakhulu kokusebenza okusebenzayo yi-HRC55 (i-high frequency quenching hrc58).
2. Inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa kwe-carburizing kanye nokucisha ngeke yamukelwe ngensimbi engama-45.
Izingxenye ezicishiwe nezinolaka zinezakhiwo ezinhle ezibanzi zemishini futhi zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene ezibalulekile zesakhiwo, ikakhulukazi lezo zinduku zokuxhuma, amabhawodi, amagiya namashafu asebenza ngaphansi komthwalo oshintshanayo. Kodwa-ke, ubulukhuni bobuso buphansi futhi abukwazi ukumelana nokugqoka. Ukucisha nokushisa + ukucisha indawo kungasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ubulukhuni bezingxenye.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Carburizing ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa izingxenye ezisindayo ezinobuso obungagugi kanye nomongo omelana nomthelela, futhi ukumelana kwayo nokugqokwa kuphakeme kunokucisha nokuthambisa + ukucisha indawo. Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni engaphezulu ngu-0.8-1.2%, kanti umongo ngokuvamile u-0.1-0.25% (0.35% ezimweni ezikhethekile). Ngemuva kokwelashwa kokushisa, indawo engaphezulu ingathola ubulukhuni obuphezulu (HRC58-62), ubulukhuni bomgogodla obuphansi kanye nokumelana nomthelela.
Uma insimbi engu-45 i-carburized, i-martensite eqinile ne-brittle izovela enkabeni ngemva kokucisha, okuzolahlekelwa inzuzo yokwelashwa kwe-carburizing. Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni yezinto ezinenqubo ye-carburizing akuphakeme, futhi amandla ayisisekelo angafinyelela phezulu kakhulu ku-0.30%, okuyivelakancane ekusetshenzisweni. U-0.35% akakaze azibone izibonelo, ezethulwa ezincwadini kuphela. Inqubo yokucisha kanye nokushisa + ukucisha imvamisa ephezulu kungamukelwa, futhi ukumelana nokugqoka kubi kakhulu kunokungcwaba.
Isistimu yokwelapha ukushisa enconyiwe yensimbi engu-45 ecaciswe ku-GB / t699-1999 ingu-850 ℃ normalizing, 840 ℃ quenching kanye no-600 ℃ tempering, futhi amandla okukhiqiza angu-≥ 355MPa.
Ngokusho kwe-GB / t699-1999, amandla ensimbi angama-45 angama-600MPa, amandla okukhiqiza angu-355MPa, ubude bungu-16%, ukuncishiswa kwendawo kungu-40%, kanti amandla omthelela angu-39j. 1. Imisebenzi, izici zesakhiwo kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe zezingxenye ze-shaft
Izingxenye ze-shaft zingenye yezingxenye ezijwayelekile ezivame ukuhlangana nazo emishinini. Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukusekela izingxenye zokudlulisela, ukudlulisa i-torque kanye nomthwalo webhere. Izingxenye ze-shaft ziyizingxenye ezijikelezayo, ubude bazo bukhulu kunobubanzi. Ngokuvamile akhiwe ngaphandle kwe-cylindrical surface, i-conical surface, imbobo engaphakathi, intambo kanye nobuso obuhambisanayo bokuphela kwe-cocentric shaft. Ngokusho komumo ohlukene wesakhiwo, izingxenye ze-shaft zingahlukaniswa zibe i-eksisi ebonakalayo, i-axis enezinyathelo, i-axis engenalutho kanye ne-crankshaft.
I-shaft ene-aspect ratio engaphansi kuka-5 ibizwa ngokuthi i-shaft emfushane, kanti i-shaft ene-aspect ratio enkulu kuno-20 ibizwa ngokuthi i-shaft slender. Amashafu amaningi aphakathi kwalokhu okubili.
I-shaft isekelwa i-bearing, futhi ingxenye ye-shaft ehambisana ne-bearing ibizwa ngokuthi ijenali. Ijenali iwuphawu lokuhlanganisa lwe-shaft, futhi ukunemba kwayo kanye nekhwalithi yangaphezulu ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuthi ibe phezulu. Izidingo zayo zobuchwepheshe zivame ukwakhiwa ngokwemisebenzi esemqoka kanye nezimo zokusebenza ze-shaft, ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi izinto ezilandelayo:
1.Ukuze kunqunywe indawo ye-shaft, ijenali enomsebenzi osekelayo wokunemba kobukhulu ngokuvamile idinga ukunemba okuphezulu kobukhulu (it5 ~ it7). Ngokuvamile, ukunemba kohlangothi kwejenali ye-shaft yokuhlanganisa izingxenye zokudlulisela kuphansi (IT6 ~ it9).
2.Ukunemba kwejiyomethri ukunemba kwejiyomethri yezingxenye ze-shaft ikakhulukazi ibhekisela ekuyindizeni kanye nesilinda sejenali, ikhoni yangaphandle, imbobo ye-Morse taper, njll. ngokuvamile, ukubekezelelana kwayo kuyokhawulelwa ekubekezeleni kobukhulu. Ezindaweni eziyindilinga zangaphakathi nezingaphandle ezinezidingo zokunemba okuphezulu, ukuchezuka okuvumelekile kuzomakwa emdwebeni.
3.Ukunemba kwesikhundla esihlanganyelwe izidingo zokunemba kwesikhundla sezingxenye ze-shaft zinqunywa ngokuyinhloko isikhundla kanye nomsebenzi we-shaft emshinini. Ngokuvamile, izidingo ze-coaxiality ze-Journal yezingxenye zokudlulisela ezihlanganisiwe kujenali esekelayo zizoqinisekiswa, ngaphandle kwalokho ukunemba kokudlulisela kwezingxenye zokudlulisela (amagiya, njll.) kuzothinteka futhi umsindo uzokwenziwa. Kumashafu anembile ajwayelekile, ukuphuma kwe-radial kwesigaba seshafti yokukhwelana kujenali esekelayo kuvamise ukuba ngu-0.01 ~ 0.03mm, futhi kumashafu anembe kakhulu (njengama-shaft amakhulu), kuvame ukuba ngu-0.001 ~ 0.005mm.
4.Ubulukhuni obungaphezulu bobubanzi be-shaft obufaniswe nezingxenye zokudlulisela ngokuvamile bungu-ra2.5 ~ 0.63 μ m. Ubulukhuni obungaphezulu be-diameter ye-shaft esekelayo efaniswe ne-bearing ingu-Ra0.63 ~ 0.16 μ m.
1.Izikhala zezingxenye ze-shaft. Ngokwezidingo zokusetshenziswa, uhlobo lokukhiqiza, izimo zemishini kanye nesakhiwo, amafomu angenalutho njengemigoqo nama-forging angakhethelwa izingxenye ze-shaft. Ku-shaft enomehluko omncane kububanzi bendilinga yangaphandle, ngokuvamile ibuswa ibha; Ukuze uthole ama-shafts stepped noma ama-shafts abalulekile anomehluko omkhulu kububanzi bendilinga yangaphandle, ama-forging avame ukukhethwa, angagcini nje kuphela izinto zokwakha, anciphise umsebenzi womshini, kodwa futhi athuthukise izakhiwo zemishini.
Ngokwesilinganiso sokukhiqiza esihlukile, izindlela zokubumba zokungenalutho zifaka phakathi ukubumba kwamahhala kanye ne-die forging. I-forging yamahhala ivame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwe-batch encane naphakathi, futhi i-die forging isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi.
2. Izinto zezingxenye ze-shaft izingxenye ze-shaft zizokhetha izinto ezihlukahlukene ngokuvumelana nezimo zokusebenza ezihlukene kanye nezidingo zokusebenzisa futhi zamukele ukucaciswa okuhlukile kokwelashwa kokushisa (njengokucisha nokushisa, ukujwayelekile, ukucisha, njll.) ukuze bathole amandla athile, ukuqina kanye nokumelana nokugqoka.
Insimbi engu-45 iyinto evamile yezingxenye ze-shaft. Ishibhile. Ngemuva kokucisha kanye nokushisa (noma ukujwayelekile), ingathola ukusebenza okungcono kokusika, amandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina kanye nezinye izici ezibanzi zemishini. Ukuqina kobuso ngemuva kokucisha bungafinyelela ku-45 ~ 52hrc.
I-40Cr nezinye izinsimbi zesakhiwo se-alloy zifanele izingxenye ze-shaft ngokunemba okuphakathi kanye nesivinini esikhulu. Ngemuva kokucisha, ukuthulisa nokucisha, lolu hlobo lwensimbi lunezici ezinhle eziphelele zemishini.
Insimbi ene-GCr15 ne-spring steel 65Mn, ngemva kokucisha nokuthambisa kanye nokucisha imvamisa ephezulu, ukuqina kwendawo bungafinyelela ku-50 ~ 58hrc, futhi kube nokumelana nokukhathala okuphezulu nokumelana nokugqokwa okuhle. Bangakwazi ukwenza ama-shaft anembe kakhulu.
Insimbi engu-38crmoaia nitrided ingakhethelwa ukuphotha kwamathuluzi omshini wokunemba (njenge-axle yesihlabathi sokugaya nokuxhumanisa ukuphotha komshini oyisicefe). Ngemuva kokucisha nokushisa kanye ne-surface nitriding, le nsimbi ayikwazi nje ukuthola ubulukhuni obuphezulu bomhlaba, kodwa futhi igcine isisekelo esithambile, ngakho-ke inomthelela omuhle wokuqina. Uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi ecishiwe, inezici zokuwohloka kokwelashwa okuncane kokushisa kanye nobulukhuni obuphakeme.
Insimbi engu-45 isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwenziweni kwemishini. Le nsimbi inezimfanelo ezinhle zemishini. Kodwa-ke, lena yinsimbi ye-carbon ephakathi nokusebenza okungekuhle kokucisha. Insimbi engu-45 ingaqiniswa ibe yi-hrc42 ~ 46. Ngakho-ke, uma ubulukhuni bobuso budingeka futhi izakhiwo eziphakeme zemishini yensimbi engu-45 # kulindeleke ukuba zilethwe, ubuso bensimbi engu-45 # buvame ukushiswa futhi bacinywe, ngakho-ke. ukuthi ubulukhuni bobuso obudingekayo bungatholakala.
