Ukuthengiswa kwe-spot yepayipi eliphakeme lensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-zinc
Ipayipi lensimbi elikhangayo lihlukaniswe ngamapayipi ensimbi abandayo kanye nepayipi lensimbi elishisayo. Ipayipi lensimbi elibandayo livinjelwe, kanti leli lakamuva likhuthazwa wumbuso ukuthi lisetshenziswe okwesikhashana. Ngeminyaka yawo-1960 kanye nawo-1970, amazwe athuthukile emhlabeni aqala ukwakha amapayipi amasha, futhi amapayipi anamathani avalwa ngokulandelana. UMnyango Wezokwakha eShayina kanye nezinye izinkonzo ezine namakhomishini nawo akubeke kwacaca ukuthi amapayipi awuthayela avaliwe njengamapayipi okuhambisa amanzi kusukela ngo-2000. Amapayipi anothayela awavamisile ukusetshenziswa emapayipini amanzi abandayo emiphakathini emisha, namapayipi awuthayela asetshenziswa emapayipini amanzi ashisayo. kweminye imiphakathi. Ipayipi elishisayo le-dip galvanized steel lisetshenziswa kabanzi ekulweni nomlilo, amandla kagesi kanye nomgwaqo. Amapayipi ensimbi ashisayo asetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni, imishini, izimayini zamalahle, imboni yamakhemikhali, amandla kagesi, izimoto zesitimela, imboni yezimoto, imigwaqo emikhulu, amabhuloho, iziqukathi, izikhungo zezemidlalo, imishini yezolimo, imishini ye-petroleum, imishini yokuhlola nezinye izimboni zokukhiqiza.
Ipayipi lensimbi elishiselwe eline-hot-dip noma i-electro galvanized coating ebusweni bepayipi lensimbi. I-galvanizing ingakhuphula ukumelana nokugqwala kwamapayipi ensimbi futhi yandise impilo yabo yesevisi. Ipayipi eliphehliwe lisetshenziswa kabanzi. Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa njengepayipi lokudluliswa kwamanzi, igesi, uwoyela kanye nolunye uketshezi oluvamile olunomfutho ophansi, liphinde lisetshenziswe njengepayipi lomthombo kawoyela kanye nepayipi lokuhambisa uwoyela embonini ye-petroleum, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zikawoyela ezingasogwini, isifudumezi sikawoyela, i-condensate cooler. kanye nesishintshi sokuwasha uwoyela wokushibilika ngamalahle sezinto zokuphekela zamakhemikhali, inqwaba yepayipi le-trestle, ipayipi lohlaka lokusekela lomhubhe wasemayini, njll. Ipayipi elishisayo lediphu elenziwe lafaka insimbi encibilikisiwe lisabelane ne-iron matrix ukukhiqiza ungqimba lwe-alloy, ukuze kuhlanganiswe i-matrix ne-coating. . Idiphu elishisayo lifaka amanzi okugqumisa ipayipi lensimbi kuqala. Ukuze kukhishwe i-iron oxide ebusweni bepayipi lensimbi, ngemva kokukhetha, ihlanzwa nge-ammonium chloride noma i-zinc chloride isixazululo samanzi noma i-ammonium chloride ne-zinc chloride exutshwe ne-aqueous solution tank, bese ithunyelwa ethangini elishisayo le-dip galvanizing. I-hot dip galvanizing inezinzuzo zokuhlanganisa iyunifomu, ukunamathela okuqinile nempilo ende yesevisi. I-matrix yepayipi lensimbi elinothayela elidiphu elishisayo inokuhlangana okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokomzimba namakhemikhali nesixazululo sokucwenga esincibilikisiwe ukwenza ungqimba lwe-zinc ferroalloy olungagqwali olunesakhiwo esihlangene. Isendlalelo se-alloy sihlanganiswe nesendlalelo se-zinc ehlanzekile kanye ne-matrix yepayipi yensimbi, ngakho inokumelana nokugqwala okuqinile. Cold galvanized pipe is electro galvanized. Inani lama-galvanized lincane kakhulu, kuphela i-10-50g / m2. Ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo kuhluke kakhulu kulokho kwepayipi likathayela lediphu elishisayo. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi, abakhiqizi abaningi bamapayipi othayela abavamile abasebenzisi i-electro galvanizing (i-plating ebandayo). Yilabo kuphela amabhizinisi amancane anemishini emincane nemidala esebenzisa i-electro galvanizing, yiqiniso, intengo yabo ishibhile. UMnyango Wezokwakha umemezele ngokusemthethweni ukuthi amapayipi abandayo ane-galvanized technology azosuswa futhi ngeke asetshenziswe njengamapayipi amanzi negesi. Isendlalelo esivundisiwe sepayipi lensimbi elibandayo liyisingqimba se-electroplating, futhi ungqimba lwezinc luhlukaniswa ne-substrate yepayipi lensimbi. Ungqimba lwe-zinc luncane, futhi ungqimba lwe-zinc luvele lunamathele ku-matrix yepayipi yensimbi, okulula ukuwa. Ngakho-ke, ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo kubi. Ezindlini ezintsha, akuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa amapayipi ensimbi abandayo njengamapayipi okuhambisa amanzi.
Ukujiya kodonga okuzisholo (mm): 2.0, 2.5, 2.8, 3.2, 3.5, 3.8, 4.0, 4.5.
Amapharamitha we-coefficient (c): 1.064, 1.051, 1.045, 1.040, 1.036, 1.034, 1.032, 1.028.
Qaphela: impahla yensimbi yensimbi iyinkomba ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kokugcina kwesevisi (impahla yemishini) yensimbi, okuncike ekubunjweni kwamakhemikhali kanye nesistimu yokushisa ukushisa kwensimbi. Esilinganisweni sepayipi lensimbi, ngokwezidingo ezihlukene zesevisi, izakhiwo eziqinile (amandla okuqina, amandla okukhiqiza noma iphuzu lesivuno, ukuphakama), izinkomba zokuqina nokuqina, kanye nezindawo zokushisa eziphakeme neziphansi ezidingwa abasebenzisi zicacisiwe.
Ibanga lensimbi: q215a; Q215B; Q235A; Q235B.
Inani lokucindezela kokuhlolwa / i-MPA: d10.2-168.3mm yi-3Mpa; I-D177.8-323.9mm ingu-5MPa
Izinga likazwelonke kanye nesilinganiso sobukhulu sepayipi likathayela
I-GB / t3091-2015 ipayipi yensimbi ehlanganisiwe yokuthutha uketshezi oluphansi
Umthungo oqondile oshiselwe ipayipi lensimbi (GB / t13793-2016)
I-GB / t21835-2008 izilinganiso zamapayipi ensimbi ashiselwe nesisindo ngobude beyunithi
Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwepayipi likathayela ukuthi ipayipi lensimbi elisetshenziselwa igesi nokufudumeza liphinde libe yipayipi likathayela. Njengepayipi lamanzi, ipayipi likathayela likhiqiza inani elikhulu lokugqwala epayipini ngemva kweminyaka eminingana yokusetshenziswa. Amanzi aphuzi awagcini nje ngokungcolisa i-sanitary ware, kodwa futhi ahlanganiswe nama-bacteria azalela odongeni lwangaphakathi olungabushelezi. Ukugqwala kubangela okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinsimbi ezisindayo emanzini futhi kubeke engozini impilo yabantu.
Ukugeleza kwenqubo kumi kanje: ishubhu elimnyama - ukuwasha nge-alkali - ukugeza amanzi - ukuchotshozwa kwe-asidi - ukugeza ngamanzi ahlanzekile - Izithasiselo zokuvuza - ukomisa - ukuvuthela kwediphu elishisayo - Ukuvuthela kwangaphandle - ukuvuthela kwangaphakathi - ukupholisa komoya - ukupholisa amanzi - ukudlulisa - ukuhlanza amanzi - Ukuhlola - ukukala - ukugcinwa kwempahla.
1. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali namakhemikhali
Ibanga kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ensimbi yepayipi lensimbi kufanele kuhambisane nebanga kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ensimbi epayipi elimnyama elicaciswe ku-GB / t3091.
2. Indlela yokukhiqiza
Indlela yokukhiqiza yepayipi elimnyama (i-welding yesithando somlilo noma i-welding kagesi) izokhethwa ngumkhiqizi. Idiphu elishisayo lizosetshenziswa indlela yokufaka uthayela.
3. Intambo nepayipi ehlangene
(a) Emapayipini ensimbi anezinsimbi ezilethwa ngemicu, izintambo kufanele ziphendulwe ngemva kokugqugquzelwa. Uchungechunge luzohambisana ne-Yb 822.
(b) Izihlanganisi zamapayipi ensimbi zizothobela i-Yb 238; Izihlanganisi zamapayipi ensimbi athambileyo azothobela i-Yb 230.
4. Izakhiwo zikagesi izakhiwo zemishini zamapayipi ensimbi ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kuzohambisana nezinhlinzeko ze-GB 3091.
5. Ukufana kokunameka kukathayela amapayipi ensimbi kufanele ahlolwe ukufana kokunamathela kukathayela. Isampula yepayipi lensimbi kufanele icwiliswe ngokuqhubekayo kusisombululo se-copper sulfate izikhathi ezi-5 futhi ngeke iphenduke ibe bomvu (umbala we-copper plating).
6. Ukuhlolwa kokugoba okubandayo: ipayipi lensimbi eliwuthayela elinobubanzi obungadluli ku-50mm lizohlolwa ngokugoba okubandayo. I-engeli yokugoba ingu-90 °, futhi i-radius egobayo izikhathi eziyi-8 zobubanzi obungaphandle. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ngaphandle kokugcwalisa, i-weld yesampula izofakwa ngaphandle noma engxenyeni engenhla yesiqondiso sokugoba. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa, isampula ngeke libe nemifantu kanye nokuqhekeka kongqimba lwezinc.
7. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hydrostatic ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic kuzokwenziwa epayipini elimnyama, noma ukutholwa kwephutha lamanje le-eddy kungasetshenziswa esikhundleni sokuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic. Ingcindezi yokuhlola noma usayizi wesampula yokuqhathanisa yokutholwa kwephutha lamanje le-eddy kufanele ihambisane nezinhlinzeko ze-GB 3092. Indawo yokulungisa yensimbi iyinkomba ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kokugcina kwesevisi (impahla yomshini) yensimbi,
① Amandla e-Tensile (σ b): amandla amakhulu (FB) athwetshulwa isifanekiso phakathi nokushuba, ehlukaniswa ngendawo yasekuqaleni ye-cross-sectional (so) yesampula ((σ), Ebizwa ngokuthi amandla e-tensile(σ b) , ngo-N / mm2 (MPA). Imele ikhono eliphezulu lezinto zensimbi ukumelana nokwehluleka ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Kuphi: FB -- amandla amakhulu athwalwa isampula uma yephukile, n (Newton); Ngakho-ke -- indawo yoqobo yesampula, mm2.
② Iphuzu lokukhiqiza (σ s) : ezintweni zensimbi ezinomphumela wokukhiqiza, ingcindezi lapho isifanekiso singaqhubeka sinwebeka ngaphandle kokwenyuka (ukugcina njalo) ukucindezeleka phakathi nenqubo yokuqina, okubizwa ngokuthi iphoyinti lokukhiqiza. Uma ukucindezeleka kuncipha, amaphuzu aphezulu naphansi esivuno azohlukaniswa. Iyunithi yephoyinti lesivuno ngu-n / mm2 (MPA). Iphuzu lesivuno esiphezulu(σ Su): ukucindezeleka okukhulu ngaphambi kokucindezeleka kwesivuno kwesampula kuncipha okokuqala ngqa; Iphoyinti lokukhiqiza eliphansi(σ SL): ingcindezi encane esigabeni sokukhiqiza lapho umphumela osheshayo wokuqala ungacatshangelwa. Lapho: FS -- ukucindezelwa kwesivuno (okuqhubekayo) kwesampula ngesikhathi sokushuba, n (Newton) ngakho -- indawo yoqobo yesampula, mm2.
③ Ukwelulwa ngemva kokuphuka:( σ) Esivivinyweni sokuqina, iphesenti lobude likhuphuke ngobude begeji yesampula ngemva kokugqashuka kubude begeji yoqobo ibizwa ngokuthi ukwelula. ngo-σ Kuvezwe ku-%. Kuphi: L1 -- ubude begeji ngemva kokuphuka kwesampula, mm; L0 -- ubude begeji yoqobo besampula, mm.
④ Ukuncishiswa kwendawo:(ψ) Esivivinyweni sokuqina, iphesenti eliphakathi kokwehliswa okuphezulu kwendawo enqamula ingxenye kububanzi obuncishisiwe kanye nendawo eyisiphambano yasekuqaleni ngemva kokwephulwa kwesampula ibizwa ngokuthi ukuncishiswa kwendawo. ngo-ψ Kuvezwe ku-%. Kuphi: S0 -- indawo yoqobo yesampula, mm2; I-S1 -- ubuncane bendawo ephambanayo kububanzi obuncishisiwe ngemva kokuphuka kwesampula, mm2.
⑤ Inkomba yokuqina: ikhono lezinto zensimbi ukumelana ne-indentation ebusweni bezinto eziqinile kubizwa ngokuthi ubulukhuni. Ngokwezindlela ezihlukene zokuhlola kanye nobubanzi bokusebenza, ubulukhuni bungahlukaniswa ngokuqina kwe-Brinell, ukuqina kwe-Rockwell, ukuqina kwe-Vickers, ukuqina kosebe, ubulukhuni obuncane kanye nobulukhuni bezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. I-Brinell, i-Rockwell kanye ne-Vickers hardness ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa amapayipi.
Ukuqina kwe-Brinell (HB): cindezela ibhola lensimbi noma ibhola le-carbide likasimende elinobubanzi obuthile endaweni yesampula ngamandla okuhlola ashiwo (f), khipha amandla okuhlola ngemva kwesikhathi esibekiwe sokubamba, bese ukala i-diameter ye-indent (L) indawo yesampula. Inombolo yobulukhuni be-Brinell iyi-quotient etholwe ngokuhlukanisa amandla okuhlola ngendawo eyindilinga yendawo yokuhlehlisa. Kuvezwe nge-HBS (ibhola lensimbi), iyunithi: n / mm2 (MPA).
(1) Ikhabhoni; Ukuphakama kwekhabhoni, kuphakama ubulukhuni bensimbi, kodwa kubi kakhulu ipulasitiki nokuqina kwayo
(2) Isibabule; Kuwukungcola okuyingozi ensimbi. Insimbi enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwesibabule kulula ukuyikhipha ngesikhathi sokucubungula ingcindezi ekushiseni okuphezulu, okuvame ukubizwa nge-thermal embrittlement.
(3) I-Phosphorus; Inganciphisa kakhulu ipulasitiki nokuqina kwensimbi, ikakhulukazi ekushiseni okuphansi. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-cold brittleness. Ensimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu, isulfure ne-phosphorus kufanele ilawulwe ngokuqinile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, insimbi ephansi ye-carbon iqukethe isulfure ephezulu ne-phosphorus, engenza kube lula ukusika, okuzuzisa ukuthuthukisa amandla ensimbi.
(4) IManganese; Ingakwazi ukuthuthukisa amandla ensimbi, yenza buthaka futhi iqede imiphumela emibi yesibabule, futhi ithuthukise ukuqina kwensimbi. Insimbi ye-alloy ephezulu (insimbi ephezulu ye-manganese) enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-manganese inokumelana okuhle nokugqokwa nezinye izinto ezibonakalayo
(5) I-silicone; Ingathuthukisa ubulukhuni bensimbi, kodwa ipulasitiki nokuqina kuyehla. Insimbi kagesi iqukethe inani elithile le-silicon, elingathuthukisa izakhiwo ezithambile zamagnetic
(6) I-Tungsten; Ingathuthukisa ubulukhuni obubomvu namandla okushisa ensimbi, futhi ithuthukise ukumelana nokugqoka kwensimbi
(7) I-Chromium; Ingathuthukisa ukuqina nokuqina kokuqina kwensimbi, futhi ithuthukise ukumelana nokugqwala nokumelana ne-oxidation yensimbi.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqwala kwepayipi lensimbi, ipayipi lensimbi elijwayelekile (ipayipi elimnyama) liyakhanyiswa. Ipayipi lensimbi eliphehliwe lihlukaniswe laba i-hot-dip galvanizing kanye ne-electric steel zinc. I-hot-dip galvanizing layer iwugqinsi futhi izindleko zokugalela ngogesi ziphansi, ngakho-ke kunepayipi lensimbi.
