Abakhiqizi abaqinile bangenza ngokwezifiso amashubhu akhanyayo ngokunemba
Ingqikithi yokushisa okuphezulu kokushisa kwe-brittleness yeshubhu elikhanyayo ngokunemba ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengomphumela wokuhlukaniswa kwezakhi ezingcolile ezifana ne-phosphorus, ithini, i-antimony ne-arsenic emngceleni wokuqala wokusanhlamvu we-austenite, okuholela embrittlement yomngcele wokusanhlamvu. Ama-elementi e-alloy afana ne-manganese, i-nickel ne-chromium ahlukaniswa ngokuhlanganyela nezinto ezingenhla zokungcola emngceleni wokusanhlamvu, okuthuthukisa ukunothisa izakhi zokungcola futhi kuqinise ukugqwala. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-molybdenum inokusebenzelana okuqinile ne-phosphorus nezinye izakhi zokungcola, ezingakhiqiza isigaba semvula kukristalu futhi ivimbele ukuhlukaniswa komngcele wokusanhlamvu we-phosphorus, okunganciphisa ukuhwalala kokushisa okuphezulu. Izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile nazo zinomthelela ofanayo njenge-molybdenum. I-Titanium ingaphromotha ngempumelelo kakhulu ukuna kwe-phosphorus nezinye izici zokungcola kukristalu, ukuze yenze buthaka ukuhlukaniswa komngcele wezinhlamvu zezinto ezingcolile futhi yehlise ijubane lokuqina lokushisa eliphezulu.
Izinyathelo zokunciphisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elithambile brittleness of ukunemba amashubhu agqamile zimi kanje: (1) ngemva izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukupholisa uwoyela noma amanzi Ukupholisa ngokushesha kusetshenziswa ukuvimbela ukuhlukaniswa izakhi ukungcola emngceleni okusanhlamvu (2) Lapho molybdenum. okuqukethwe kwensimbi kukhula ku-0.7%, ukuthambekela kwe-embrittlement kokushisa okuphezulu kokushisa kuyancipha kakhulu. Ngalé kwalo mkhawulo, amashubhu ensimbi angama-20# anembayo akha ama-carbides akhethekile anothe nge-molybdenum, okuqukethwe kwe-molybdenum ku-matrix kuncipha, futhi ukuthambekela kwe-embrittlement kwamashubhu agqamile okunembayo kuyenyuka (3) Yehlisa 20# okuqukethwe kwezakhi zokungcola epayipini lensimbi elinembayo(4) ) Kunzima ukuvimbela i-embrittlement yezingxenye ezisebenza endaweni ye-embrittlement yokushisa ephezulu isikhathi eside ngokungeza i-molybdenum kuphela. Kuphela ngokunciphisa okuqukethwe kwesici sokungcola okungu-20# epayipini lensimbi elinembayo, ukuthuthukisa ukuhlanzeka kwepayipi elikhanyayo elinembayo, kulekelelwa ingxubevange eyinhlanganisela ye-aluminium nezinto zomhlaba eziyivelakancane, kungavinjelwa ngempumelelo ukufudumala kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
Njengamanje, kunezitshalo zokukhiqiza ezingaphezu kuka-5100 ngaphansi kwezinkampani ezingaphezu kuka-1850 emazweni angaphezu kuka-110, kuhlanganise nezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-260 ngaphansi kwezinkampani ezingaphezu kuka-170 emazweni angu-44. Ngonyaka wezi-2000, ukusetshenziswa okusobala kwamapayipi angenamthungo e-China kwaba amathani ayizigidi ezi-4.18, okuhlanganisa namathani ayizigidi ezi-3.821 okunikezwa kwasekhaya, okubalelwa ku-91.4% yenani eliphelele lesidingo sasekhaya. Ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe bekungamathani angama-359000, okubalelwa ku-8.59% yenani eliphelele lesidingo sasekhaya. Ngawo lowo nyaka, ukusetshenziswa kwamapayipi kawoyela kwakungamathani angama-910000. Ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe kungamathani angama-252000. Amapayipi aphuma kwamanye amazwe enza cishe amaphesenti angama-70 engqikithi yokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya, lapho amapayipi aphuma kwamanye amazwe enza u-27.69% wesamba esisetshenziswa ekhaya, kanti amapayipi kawoyela athatha cishe u-70% wesamba esiphelele samapayipi angenamthungo athengwa kwamanye amazwe. Amapayipi kawoyela angenisiwe evela eJapan enza ngaphezu kwesigamu sengqikithi yenani elithengwayo. Inkampani yamapayipi ensimbi yase-Tianjin, isizinda esikhulu sokukhiqiza uwoyela e-China, yakhiqiza amathani angama-522000 emikhiqizo yamapayipi ensimbi ngonyaka ka-2000, okuhlanganisa amathani angama-364100 kawoyela. I-Casing yenza ngaphezu kwesigamu sokukhiqizwa kukawoyela kazwelonke. Ikleliswa kuqala eMakethe ye-casing yase-China ngokuya ngomkhiqizo kanye nevolumu yokuthengisa.
Kusukela ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezasekhaya, amandla okukhiqiza akhona amapayipi angenamthungo (okuhlanganisa namapayipi kawoyela akhethekile) asedlule isidingo. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini esizayo, ukugxila kufanele kube ekunikezeni ukudlala okugcwele kumthamo wamayunithi akhona kanye nokuthuthukisa imikhiqizo efana namapayipi kawoyela, amapayipi okubhayela anomfutho ophezulu kanye namapayipi esilinda egesi anezinga eliphezulu lamandla, ukumelana nomonakalo omkhulu kanye nokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu. Futhi okuqukethwe kokuthuthukisa ukwakheka komkhiqizo emakethe yensimbi yaseChina. Lokhu futhi kuyisihluthulelo sokwandisa ukuncintisana kwemikhiqizo yasekhaya nangaphandle kanye nokwandisa isabelo semakethe. Okusho ukuthi, ukwenza ngcono ukuncintisana kwemakethe kwamabhizinisi asekhaya amapayipi ensimbi kuwumsebenzi wesikhathi eside kanye nokhiye wokuthuthukisa ngempumelelo amabhizinisi asekhaya ngemuva kokungena kweChina ku-WTO.
